ので

ので states a bare reason, its intensifier needs earlier context (疲つかれたので休やすんだ). だけに reads the reason as a quantity, letting よけいに stand alone (疲つかれているだけによけいにつらい).

から gives the reason as your own case and fits commands. ので gives it as plain fact, so requests sound softer (遅おくれますので).

ので gives a plain reason and can lead into a request (寒さむいので、窓まどを閉しめてください). ものだから explains something already done, never a request.

ので gives a reason inside one sentence (止とまっていたので遅おくれた). んです makes the whole sentence an explanation (止とまっていたんです).

なくて is a loose て-link on the negative itself, often trailing into feeling (行いけなくて残念ざんねん). ので states a full, explicit "because," positive or negative.

ので joins the reason and the result in one sentence, even a request (遅おくれますので、お待まちください). それで never leads into a request, unlike から／だから.

ので names the causal link outright, at home in writing and apology alike. Causal て leaves it unnamed, and reads thin before a bare fact.

ので gives the reason for what follows (雨あめなので出でかけない). のに protests that what follows defied it (雨あめなのに出でかけた).