na-adjective

〜であるべきだN3

should do; ought to do

〜ではなくてN4

not… and; because (one) doesn't

〜じゃないことはないN2

it's not that you can't do; possible after all, if reluctantly

〜でN5

and; and then; by doing — joins one part to the next

〜なときN5

when; at the time of

〜なさいにN3

upon doing; on the occasion of — a notable event or juncture

〜であるとどうじにN3

at the same time as; the instant that — or, while also being

〜なおりにN2

on the occasion of; when the opportunity arises — warmer than 際に

〜なうちにN3

while the chance lasts; before the situation changes

〜なままN3

leaving it as is; still in the state of

ずっと〜だN5

the whole time; all along — one unbroken stretch, or comparison, by far

〜だったらN5

if; when; once — after the condition completes

〜だとN5

whenever; when — one thing automatically brings the next

〜ならN4

if (that's the case); as for — picks up what was just said

〜でもN5

even if; even though; no matter

〜でよかったN4

I'm glad I did; it turned out well that…

〜だとしたらN3

supposing that; if we assume — a hypothesis set up for argument's sake

〜であればあるほど〜なら〜なほどN4

the more you do X, the more Y — two things rising together

〜だといいN4

I hope; it'd be good to — a wish, or a light suggestion

〜なかぎりN3

as long as; unless — marks the outer edge of what stays true

〜がるN3

shows signs of; acts — someone else's feeling read off how they behave

〜なつもりだN5

intend to; plan to

〜だからN5

because; so — the speaker's own reason

〜なのでN5

because; since — reason as circumstance

〜でN4

because; and so — a cause and the reaction it produces

〜なのにN4

even though; despite; and yet

〜だけどN5

but; though — the everyday spoken way to say but

〜だがN5

but; and — a difference stated, or a soft preamble

〜だしN4

and what's more — listing reasons

〜なせいでN3

because of; on account of — blaming an unwanted result on N

〜なおかげでN4

thanks to; because of N — crediting a welcome result to N

〜なくせにN2

even though; and yet — a jab at someone who should know better

〜ながらもN2

though; even while — a restrained, one-person concession

〜な一方いっぽうでN3

while; on the other hand — two sides of the same thing

〜にしてもN2

even granting; even if it's the case that — one case among several

〜だと言いってもN3

having said that; though I say X — walks back a claim made

〜だとしてもN3

even supposing; even if we take it that — concedes a set-up hypothesis

〜な代かわりにN2

instead of N — stands in for another, or makes up for it

〜だからこそN2

precisely because — this reason and no other made it happen

〜なものだからN2

because — offered as an excuse the speaker could not help

〜だものN2

'cause; but I — a reason fired back at the listener

〜なせいかN2

perhaps because; maybe it's because — the cause offered only as a guess

〜なばかりにN2

all because — one small thing cost far more than it should

〜だからといってN2

just because X, that doesn't mean Y — the conclusion is refused

〜なだけにN2

all the more so; given how much X — bigger reason, bigger result

〜なだけあってN2

as one would expect; no wonder — the reason explains the good result

〜である以上いじょうはN3

now that; given that — a fact already true commits the speaker

〜な反面はんめんN2

on the other side of it — one thing, two opposite sides

〜なもののN2

although — the fact stands, and it changes nothing that follows

〜なのも当然とうぜんだ

it's only natural that; no wonder — the reason given makes it unsurprising

〜であることにはならない

doesn't amount to — the fact stands, but its conclusion doesn't follow

〜なためにN4

in order to; for the sake of; because of

〜でしょうN5

probably; I suppose; right?

〜だろうN5

probably; I suppose (plain style)

〜かもしれないN4

might; may possibly

たぶん〜だN5

probably; I think — a guess, offered with room to be wrong

きっと〜だN5

surely; I'm sure — the speaker's confidence in an outcome not yet known

もしかしたら〜かもしれないN4

it may just be that; there's a chance — a long shot

〜なはずだN4

should; ought to; is supposed to

〜なはずがないN2

there's no way that; cannot possibly

〜そうだN4

looks like; about to; seems (from appearance)

〜なようだN4

it seems; it appears; like

〜みたいだN4

seems like; looks like; like

〜らしいN3

apparently; I gather; typical of

〜だと思おもうN5

I think that; in my opinion

〜かなN5

I wonder; maybe (wondering aloud)

〜に違ちがいないN3

must be; surely is (a confident conclusion)

〜な気きがするN2

I have a feeling that — a hunch with no evidence behind it

〜なような気きがするN3

I have a feeling that; it seems to me that

〜なわけだN2

so that means; that's why; no wonder

〜なわけがないN3

there's no way that; it's impossible that

〜なわけではないN3

it's not that; doesn't necessarily mean that

〜だとは限かぎらないN2

not necessarily; not always the case

〜に決きまっているN2

of course it is; is bound to be — treated as beyond argument

〜に相違そういないN2

beyond doubt; there is no doubt that (written, formal)

〜であるかのようだN3

as if; just as though — a likeness you already know isn't true

〜だというものではないN2

it isn't simply that; that's not how it works

〜だとかでN2

apparently; something about — a reason heard second-hand and not pinned down

〜なのではないかN3

isn't it that…? — a guess offered as a question, not a claim

〜なほうがN5

is more …; the … one of the two

いちばん〜だN5

the most; number one

とても〜だN5

very — the top end of a gradable quality

ちょっと〜だN5

a bit; slightly — a small degree, and in speech the all-purpose softener

少すこし〜だN5

a little; a small amount — plain in tone, at home in writing

〜すぎるN5

too …; overdo

〜なだけN5

only; just

〜なくらいN5

about; to the extent that

〜なだけでなくN3

not only ... (but also)

〜なばかりでなくN2

not only ... (but also)

〜なわりにN2

considering ...; more/less than expected given ...

〜なものがあるN2

there is a real X about it — you can just feel it

〜なだけましだN2

at least X — a bad situation beats the worse alternative

〜なあまりにN2

so much so that — an extreme degree causes what follows

〜なのN4

の — turns a verb, or everything up to it, into a noun

〜なことN5

こと — turns a verb or a whole action into a noun

〜さN4

〜さ — turns an adjective into a noun naming its amount

〜なのがすきN4

like doing

〜だというN4

called; named; the fact that

〜だと言いっていたN5

(someone) said that — relaying words a named person actually spoke

〜だと言いわれる

I was told to; I was told that — the aimed-at person's words

〜だと伝つたえていただけませんかN4

could you pass on that — asking the listener to carry a message

〜かどうかN4

whether or not

〜かN4

a tucked-in question — who/what/where inside a bigger sentence

〜なんですN5

it's that…; you see — marks the sentence as an explanation

〜だということN3

the fact that; that means; I hear that — makes it a noun

〜だと聞きいている

I hear that; I've been told that — the report reached you

〜なものだN3

that's just how it is; you really should; used to do

〜だと考かんがえられる

it can reasonably be concluded that; is to be regarded as

〜になるN5

become; turn into

〜にするN4

decide on; go with (a choice) — or make something a certain way

〜でしてN4

and; so — links one polite sentence to the next, formally

〜でいらっしゃるN3

honorific "is" — です raised to honor the person it describes

〜に見みえる

looks; sounds — how a thing strikes the eye or ear

〜なふりをするN2

pretend to; act as if

〜げN2

with a look of; an ...-ish air — a feeling on the surface

〜ぶる

put on airs of; act like — a quality that isn't really there

〜なのに対たいしてN3

toward; against; in response to N — also sets N against something else

〜どころかN3

far from; not just X but even Y

〜でしかないN3

is nothing but; amounts to no more than

〜であるのみならずN2

not only ... but also (written)

〜なばかりかN2

not only ... but even

あまり〜ではないN5

not much; not very — needs the sentence to end in a negative

全然ぜんぜん〜ではない全然ぜんぜん〜だ

not at all — the far end of "not much"

少すこしも〜ではないN2

not in the least — "not even a little," for verbs and adjectives

〜であるにせよN2

even if; whether — grants a case in writing, and changes nothing

〜では〜なのではN2

if you (go on) doing that — and it will end badly

〜なものかN3

as if!; there's no way — a heated refusal, asked as a question

〜でならないN2

can't help feeling X; X uncontrollably — feeling words only

〜でたまらないN3

unbearably X; X so much I can't stand it — any strong feeling

〜なことにN2

to my surprise/regret/delight — a feeling word first, then what happened

〜であるN3

is; are — the written word standing in for だ, in reports and essays

ちっとも〜ではない

not one bit — the spoken absolute, and almost always a complaint

だんだん〜になるN5

gradually; little by little — a change that accumulates step by step

〜ですN5

is; am; are — the ordinary polite form of "to be"

どうも〜だN4

somehow; I can't say why — an impression with no evidence to name

いくら〜でもN5

no matter how much — no degree changes the outcome

〜かN5

question marker — turns a finished sentence into a question

〜かしらN3

I wonder — a musing question, coded as feminine speech

決けっして〜ではないN3

never; by no means — a flat denial, a promise or a verdict

〜だっけN3

was it …? — asks for something you once knew and have forgotten

〜なことだしN2

seeing as X — a soft reason for what you're about to do

〜なことからN2

from the fact that — states the evidence behind a conclusion or name

〜なことは〜だがN2

I do X, yes, but — the word is granted, the objection follows

ますます〜になるN2

more and more; increasingly — a trend already under way is pushed further

全まったく〜ではないN2

not at all — or "utterly," before an already-absolute word

〜みN2

〜み — turns an adjective into a noun you can feel or hold

もし〜ならもし〜だったらN5

if; supposing — marks what follows as only a guess

〜だなんてN3

the very idea that … — holds up a sentence for judgment

〜なのだから

since it is the case that — pushes a shared reason home

〜なのN5

it's that…; is it that…? — the plain-style explanatory ending

〜なのももっともだN2

that's fair enough — agrees someone's reaction or complaint makes sense

おそらく〜だN2

in all likelihood — rates the odds instead of committing, in careful writing

次第しだいに〜になるN2

gradually; by degrees — a change that arrives in steps

そんなに〜ではない

not that much — denies a degree just proposed; or bare, that much

たいして〜ではないN2

not particularly — falls short of a degree someone had in mind

たとえ〜でもN2

even if; even supposing — the concession is announced as purely hypothetical

〜でしょうがないN2

unbearably X — the spoken way to say a feeling won't let up

〜で当然とうぜんだN2

it's only natural to; deserves it — a direct, expected consequence

〜というかN2

or rather; I'd say — pick a better word than what you said

〜だと言いうN5

said — the plain quotative と marking exactly what was said, spoken or reported

〜だと言いわれている

it is said that — a reputation with nobody behind it

〜なところからN2

from the fact that — a reason drawn from something already known

〜なわけでもないN2

it's not that either — often paired with a second denial