のもとで details
under N — within the guidance, authority, supervision, or conditions of N
今も尊敬する先生のもとで、料理の勉強を続けているんだ。
ima mo sonkei suru sensei no moto de, ryouri no benkyou o tsuzukete iru n da.
I'm still continuing to study cooking under a teacher I really respect. casual
同じ条件のもとで、二つの実験結果を比較した。
onaji jouken no moto de, futatsu no jikken kekka o hikaku shita.
We compared the two experimental results under the same conditions. neutral
- formal
Examples
under N — operating within the guidance, authority, supervision, or set of conditions N provides
今も尊敬する先生のもとで、料理の勉強を続けているんだ。
ima mo sonkei suru sensei no moto de, ryouri no benkyou o tsuzukete iru n da.
I'm still continuing to study cooking under a teacher I really respect. casual
同じ条件のもとで、二つの実験結果を比較した。
onaji jouken no moto de, futatsu no jikken kekka o hikaku shita.
We compared the two experimental results under the same conditions. neutral
本契約は、両者の合意のもとに締結されるものとする。
honkeiyaku wa, ryousha no goui no moto ni teiketsu sareru mono to suru.
This contract shall be concluded under the mutual agreement of both parties. formal
Formation
{N}のもとでattaches to noun
Variant notes
- のもとに — Same register-neutral sense as のもとで, skewing slightly more written/legal, but に also owns fixed collocations で cannot enter — 名のもとに "in the name of ~", 法の下に平等 "equal under the law", 白日のもとに晒す "expose to plain daylight" — で cannot replace に in any of these.
Related patterns
Similar
監督のもとで練習する and 事実に基づいて判断する can both loosely gloss "under/based on," but のもとで frames N as an authoritative CONTEXT or environment something exists or continues within (a supervisor, a legal system, a set of conditions), while に基づいて frames N as evidence or data a decision or creation is logically GROUNDED in — のもとで never takes a bare fact or data point as its N (×データのもとで判断する is odd), while に基づいて does (データに基づいて判断する).
Lookalikes
Both are built on the noun もと and both surface in "under/based on X" translations, but they take different particles for different jobs — のもとで keeps N as a fixed authority or condition something operates WITHIN (先生のもとで学ぶ "study under a teacher"), while をもとに treats N as raw material something is actively BUILT or DECIDED FROM (経験をもとに小説を書く "write a novel based on one's experience") — swapping の…で for を…に turns "studying under a teacher" into something closer to "studying using a teacher as raw material."